This essay is focused exclusively on ancient history, according Pascoli’s view; neither philol­ogy nor classical literature could be considered in this study. As a remarkable scholar of greek literature, probably of its history not less than of its poetry, the poet seems to have been a lover, most of all, of the eminent characters of the greek world, such as Alexander, Achilles, Odisseus. They were considered in the individual, intimate and “decadent” dimension of their personality, a very different perspective from the archetypal characters which emerge from Homer or Dante, or even form the anthropological studies of Dumézil or Vernant. Concerning the Roman World, Pascoli, elegant up to the extreme work of chisel in his Liber de poetis, approach, as in the Res Romanae or in his latin poems, also to the “great history”. But according his view, this is only aquilas et arma... bella cruoremque, greatness and oppression. During a period in which two Nobel Prizes were granted to studies devoted to ancient Rome, the Theodor Mommsen’s Römisches Geschichte (1902) and Hendryik Sienkiewicz’s Quo vadis? (1905), Pascoli, a socialist, seems to have been inspired by the latter (but did he actually know them?) as he tries to find out a redemption for that world of violence, cruelty and madness within Christianism. The tria... ligna which, in the poem Gladiatores, nudae... rupis in ipso vertice... rigent refer symbolically to the Golgotha and to the empire «sorto per divino disegno» (Valgimigli) which unified the entire world in the name of the Spirit. Keywords: Pascoli, greek history, roman history, antiquity, Christianism.